Which type of Arthropods have many body segments, each with one pair of legs and modified fangs?

The correct choice is centipedes, as they are classified within the subphylum Myriapoda and are characterized by having elongated bodies divided into numerous segments. Each segment typically bears one pair of legs, distinguishing them from other arthropods. The presence of modified fangs, which are actually a pair of venomous appendages called forcipules that they use for capturing prey, further defines centipedes.

In contrast, millipedes, while also having many body segments and legs, possess two pairs of legs per body segment, which is a key difference. Spiders, part of the class Arachnida, have two main body segments (cephalothorax and abdomen) and eight legs, with no segments like those found in myriapods. Insects, another class of arthropods, have a three-part body plan (head, thorax, abdomen) and typically possess six legs, making them distinct from both centipedes and millipedes. Thus, centipedes uniquely fit the description of having many body segments, one pair of legs per segment, and modified fangs.